Development of clinical practice guidelines for the management of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To develop the clinical practice guidelines for the management of medication adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in China. Methods The development methods included qualitative interview of 31 stakeholders, questionnaire survey of 423 PLHIV, adaptation of 30 clinical practice guidelines related to AIDS care, and overviews of reviews of 44 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis. Results 10 clinical practice guidelines and 10 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis were included. The clinical practice guidelines for the management of HAART were formed. Conclusions The formed clinical practice guidelines showed better applicability and higher general quality. It is recommended to use the guidelines in AIDS care.

Reversal effect of resveratrol on chemotherapy resistance in KBv200 cell line and underlying mechanisms / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the reversal effect and potential mechanism of resveratrol on multidrug resistance of human oral epidermoid carcinoma KBv200 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MTT assay was used to investigate reversal index of resveratrol to vincristine, adriamycin and paclitaxel. Cell apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of multidrug resistant 1 (MDR1) and B cell lymphoma leukemia-2 (Bcl-2).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Resveratrol produced a synergistic effect with chemotherapeutics and obviously reversed the multidrug resistant phenotype of KBv200 cells. The reversal fold (RF) of 200 micromol/L resveratrol to vincristine, paclitaxel and adriamycin were 77.1, 61.3 and 5.9, respectively. The gene array results showed that resveratrol greatly downregulated expression levels of Bcl-2 and MDR1. After treated with 100 micromol/L, 200 micromol/L resveratrol, the expression level of Bcl-2 and MDR1 in KBv200 cells were markedly decreased in comparison with those untreated (t were 2.98, 3.51 and 3.12, 4.56, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Resveratrol can efficiently reverse multidrug resistance in KBv200 cells. The potential mechanism may be via inhibiting the multidrug resistant gene expressions and/or promoting cell apoptosis.</p>

Expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor in patients with gastric carcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in patients with gastric carcinoma in different stages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of HB-EGF protein and mRNA in normal gastric tissues, metaplasic intestinal mucosa, early-stage gastric cancer and advanced-stage gastric cancer tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HB-EGF expression was only detected in the parietal cells of the gastric fundic glands and in gastrin cells of the pyloric glands in normal gastric tissues. Weak HB-EGF expression was detected in the epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa in intestinal metaplasic mucosa, and the expression increased in all layers of the gastric mucosa in early-stage gastric cancer. Intense HB-EGF expression was observed in advanced gastric cancer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Increased HB-EGF expression may be implicated in the pathogenesis and development of gastric carcinoma.</p>

Expression of heparanase and nuclear factor kappa B in pancreatic adenocarcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expressions of heparanase and nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-kappaB p65) in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and analyze their relation to patients' prognosis and the regulatory mechanism of NF-kappaB on heparanase expression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Heparanase and NF-kappaB p65 proteins in the tumor and adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry in 48 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and analyzed for their clinicopathological significance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Heparanase and NF-kappaB p65 proteins were found in 30 (62.5%) and 22 (45.9%) tumor specimens, respectively, a rate significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues. High heparanase expression was closely related to advanced TNM stage (P=0.031), lymph node metastasis (P=0.003) and decreased 3-year postoperative survival (20.0% vs 0%, P=0.001). NF-kappaB p65 expression was associated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.017) and distant metastasis (P=0.031), but had a higher positive rate in heparanase-positive cases than in heparanase-negative cases (P=0.018). Multivariate analysis showed that neither heparanase nor NF-kappaB p65 was the independent prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Heparanase is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas in association with decreased postoperative survival. NF-kappaB may up-regulate heparanase expression and promote heparanase-dependent tumor invasion and metastasis.</p>

Efficacy of activated charcoal-epirubicin suspension for treatment of breast cancer with axillary metastasis / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of activated charcoal-epirubicin suspension (Epi-CH) for treatment of breast cancer and clearance of axillary lymph node metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with breast cancer of stages II-III were randomized into Epi-CH group (n=40) receiving injection with 10 mg Epi-CH in the tissue around the primary tumor 72 h before modified radical resection and control group (n=20) with 10 mg of aqueous epirubicin injection in the same region. The dissected axillary lymph nodes and the staining lymph nodes were counted. The concentration of epirubicin in the lymph nodes was detected by high-performance liquid chorography, and the specimens of lymph nodes were observed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In comparison with the control group, Epi-CH injection allowed dissection of 4.04 more lymph nodes (P<0.01) and resulted in the staining rate of the axillary lymph nodes of 86.9% (565/650). The proportion of the staining lymph nodes with diameter>1.0 cm was significantly lower than that with diameter <or=1.0 cm (96/131 vs 469/519, P<0.01). The metastatic rate of stained lymph nodes was similar with that in non-stained lymph nodes (214/565 vs 23/85, P>0.05). In Epi-CH group, the concentration of epirubicin in the stained lymph nodes was significantly higher than that in non-stained ones (443.0-/+123.1 vs 31.8-/+11.9 ng/g, P<0.01). Remarkable degeneration and necrosis could be observed microscopically in the stained lymph nodes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Epi-CH allows more effective treatment of breast cancer and clearance of axiliary metastasis by increasing the dissected lymph nodes and raising the concentration of epirubicin in the axillary lymph nodes.</p>

EXPRESSION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MYOFIBROBLAST IN HEALING PROCESS OF BILE DUCT / 药物分析学报

Objective To observe the expression and distribution of myofibroblasts in the healing process of bile duct and discuss its function and significance in the process of iatrogenic biliary stricture formation. Methods A model of trauma-repair of bile duct in the dog was made . The anastomosis tissues on week 1,3 and month 3,6 after operation were studied with TEM and immunohistochemical SP staining of SMA. Results Myofibroblasts functioned actively and lasted for the whole process, extracellular matrix overdeposited. SMA staining was observed in myofibroblasts and highly expressed from 1 week to 6 months after operation. The consequence easily leaded to scar contracture and anastomoctic stenosis. Conclusion Myofibroblast is the main cause of scar contracture of bile duct.

Construction of recombinant vector containing fusion gene NT_4-Ant-Shepherdin[79-87] / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate survivin as an anticancer therapeutic target by use of shepherdin [79-87],a novel peptide carrying the survivin sequence from Lys-79 through Leu-87,we constructed an recombinant vector containing fusion gene NT4-Ant-Shepherdin [79-87].Methods The gene of Ant-Shepherdin [79-87] was obtained by PCR and T-vector method.After cloned and digested with restricted enzyme,Ant-shepherdin [79-87] was inserted in PBV220NT4 vector.The recombinant vector was transformed into the competent cell,E.coli DH5?.The fusion gene of NT4-Ant-Shepherdin [79-87] was identified by agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE).Results DNA sequencing results verified that the sequence of Ant-Shepherdin [79-87] was consistent with what we had designed.After transformed E.coli DH5?,a fragment of 321 bp was confirmed.Conclusion The recombinant vector containing fusion gene NT4-Ant-Shepherdin [79-87] was successfully constructed in this experiment by molecular biology techniques,which provides the basis of further research of survivin for cancer gene therapy.

A study on the correlation between FHIT protein and cPKC? expression and invasion and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the role of FHIT protein and cPKC? in invasion and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods The expression of FHIT protein and cPKC? in 41 specimens of NSCLC and 11 cases benign lung tissues were examined by immunohistochemical technique.Results The positive rate of FHIT protein and cPKC? in NSCLC tissues were 48.8% and 53.7% respectively.The positive rate of FHIT protein and cPKC? in benign lung tissues were 90.9% and 18.2% respectively.They were significantly different(P

Effects of DanShen injection in treating the malignant obstractive jaundice in the SD rat model / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To observe the effects of DanShen on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in malignant obstructive jaundice in the SD rat model. Methods The model was established by vaccination of transplanting tumour in the porta hepatis with the walker-256 hepatocarcine line, and then obstruction was caused by the infiltration and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma. ② The SD rats were divided into four groups: the rats treated by 0.9% NS (n=12), the rats treated by Inosine + Vitamin C (n=20), the rats treated by DanShen (n=20) and the rats treated by 5-FU(n=20). ③ The liver function, morphological changes and the expression of PCNA VEGF and ICAM-1 in carcinoma and peri-carcinoma tissues, adjacent lobe (left-internal lobe) as well as lung tissues were observed after four experimental groups were successively treated by four medicines. ④ Statistical analysis was done to the experimental results. Results ① The growth of rats treated by DanShen injection showed that liver injury caused by malignant obstructive jaundice was significantly relieved compared with liver function and pathological morphological changes in other groups(P0.05); ③ The expression of PCNA VEGF and ICAM-1 in carcinoma, peri-carcinoma adjacent lobe (left-internal lobe) tissues as well as lung tissues were significantly downgraded in groups treated by DanShen injection compared with those in groups treated with 0.9%NS and Inosine combined with Vitamine C (P0.05). Conclusion DanShen injection not only has protective effects on liver injury caused by obstructive jaundice, but the medicine can inhibit the proliferation and growth of hepatocarcinoma, interfere with the vascularization of tumors, and prevent recurrence and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma.

Comparative analysis of conventional smear and liquid-based cytology method to diagnose lung cancer in sputum samples / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To make a comparative analysis of conventional smear and liquid-based cytology method to diagnose lung cancer in sensitivity and false-negative,and evaluate the application value of liquid-based cytology in sputum samples.Methods We collected 287 sputum samples through clinical contrast conventional smear with liquid-based cytology method.The diagnosis was made by the same pathology panel in double blind way.We compared the two methods to diagnose lung cancer in sensitivity and false-negative.Results Liquid-based cytology method detected 62 cases of lung cancer,and conventional smear detected 49 cases of lung cancer,with the sensitivity rate being 21.6% and 17.1%,respectively.Combination of the two methods made the sensitivity rate 24.0%.The false-negative rate was 38.6% for liquid-based cytology method and 48.5% for conventional smear which did not differ significantly.By combining the two methods,the false-negative rate was 24.0%.There was no significant difference between liquid-based cytology method and conventional smear,and between liquid-based cytology method and the two-method combination in sensitivity and false-negative.But there was a significant difference between the two-method combination and conventional smear.Conclusion Through sputum sample detection of lung cancer cell,liquid-based cytology method is better than conventional smear,the former having obvious superiority;combining the two methods can detect more lung cancers.Therefore,it is a superior screening test in detecting lung cancer and worthy of clinical popularization.

Liver transplantation for viral hepatitis and hepatic cancer / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Orthotopic liver transplantation(OLT) has been performed for 42 years.Survival rates have climbed to as high as 88% at 1-year and operative mortality rates have dropped to as low as 0%.Liver resection should still be considered the first-line treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in non-cirrhotic and resectable livers.Liver transplantation must be the preferred approach for cirrhotic livers.OLT for HCC at a more advanced stage is not indicated.Combination therapy with hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG) and lamivudine for hepatitis B virus(HBV) patients before and after OLT has been reported a survival benefit as compared to non-HBV recipients.Liver transplantation should not be advocated at the hospitals without primary working conditions.

The effect of Danshen on the expression of PCNA during malignant biliary obstruction / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To establish malignant biliary obstruction model on SD rats and to study the effects of Danshen injection on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma, morphological change and the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in carcinoma and peri-carcinoma tissues. Methods Malignant biliary obstruction model on SD rats was made by vaccination of transplanted tumor in the liver nearby the portal hepatis with Walker-256 hepatocarcinoma cell line which infiltrating and metastasizing to proximal common bile duct causing an obstruction. The SD rats were divided into four groups: those treated with 0.9% N S (n=12), with Inosine+VC (n=20), with Danshen (n=20) and with 5-FU (n=20), respectively. Results The growth and expression of PCNA in carcinoma, peri-carcinoma adjacent lobe tissues were significantly downgraded after treatment by Danshen injection compared with the rats treated by 0.9% N S and Inosine combined with Vitamine C and the infiltration was increased. The expression of PCNA in carcinoma, peri-carcinoma adjacent lobe tissues were downgraded compared with that of the rats treated by 5-FU while growth of hepatocarcinoma was slightly downgraded after treatment with Danshen injection. Conclusion Danshen shows protective effects on morphological change in SD rat model of malignant biliary obstruction. It can also inhibit the growth of hepatocarcinoma through inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocarcinoma cells and increasing reversion of hepatocarcinoma cells.